{"id":67,"date":"2011-06-24T03:46:18","date_gmt":"2011-06-24T03:46:18","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.blog.pedroreyes.net\/?p=67"},"modified":"2011-06-24T03:57:47","modified_gmt":"2011-06-24T03:57:47","slug":"ouscupo-ouvroir-de-sculpture-potentielle","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.blog.pedroreyes.net\/?p=67","title":{"rendered":"OuScuPo: Ouvroir de Sculpture Potentielle"},"content":{"rendered":"

 <\/p>\n

OuScuPo (Ouvroir de Sculpture Potentielle) is the title of a new series of sculptures to be exhibited at Mus\u00e9e d’Art contemporain du Val-de-Marne MAC\/VAL. This show is a new development in a series of works I started in 2007 called Ambigrams. The title of the show refers to OuLiPo\u00a0\u00a0(Ouvroir de Litt\u00e9rature Potentielle)\u00a0a movement\u00a0founded in 1960\u00a0in France by writers and\u00a0mathematicians\u00a0leaded by\u00a0Raymond Queneau\u00a0and\u00a0Georges Perec.<\/p>\n

OuLiPo used\u00a0constrained writing\u00a0techniques such as\u00a0lipograms,\u00a0anagrams, heterograms, palindromes, and other techniques often based on mathematical problems, chessboard games and permutations. One of the central elements of OuLiPo was the use of computers for the creation of texts, such as the notable book \u201c1014 <\/sup>Po\u00e8mes – \u201cCent Mille Milliards de po\u00e8mes\u201d by Raymond Queneau.<\/p>\n

In the same tradition I asked the museum to help me find a software designer and happily this lead to a great collaboration with artist, designer and programmer Jerome this show I worked with a software programmer\u00a0Jerome Saint-Clair. Together we discussed the characteristics of a code that could find ambigrams hidden in the dictionary.<\/p>\n

Before having this software I used to write a word next to a mirror trying to find if another word can be read in its reflection. For example, the word “language” can be read from the other side as “geometry”, or the word “puzzled”, becomes “blessed” etc. This is achieved by twisting a bit the calligraphy until another word starts to take shape in its reflection.<\/p>\n

This form is then extruded and made into a physical object. One single shape becomes the container of two words, therefore two meanings.<\/p>\n

The OuScuPo software was fed with the entire French dictionary leading to ambigrams such as:\u00a0 MOUTON-NATION, JEU-CUL, BEAU-LAID, FILM-MUET etc.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

In order to identify potential Ambigrams I created a matrix of letters and its possible equivalences found in its reflection. There are some letters that in upper case remain the same when we look at their reflection:<\/p>\n

A, H, I, M, O, T, U, V, W, X, Y<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

There are others that become another letter, either by a flip or by slight\u00a0mutations of its calligraphy:<\/p>\n

I=J, J=L, K=X, Y=V<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

The same happens with lower case, there are some that remain the same:<\/p>\n

i, l, o, u, v, w, x<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

And others that mutate:<\/p>\n

a=o, b=d, c=u, d=b, f=t, g=q, i=e, m=w, s=z, y=v<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

If we take one word, for instance, the word “oil”, the first operation will be an inversion of the letters, in the same way in which a palindrome is<\/p>\n

made. Thus, we get “lio”. The letters \u201cl\u201d, \u201ci\u201d and \u201co\u201d, have the following mutating potential:<\/p>\n

l \/ i \/ o<\/p>\n

i \/ e \/ a<\/p>\n

e \/ l \/ e<\/p>\n

j<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Then, we come up with all the permutations possible, according to the different characters:<\/p>\n

MUTATIONS<\/p>\n

lio lia lie<\/p>\n

leo lea lee<\/p>\n

llo lla lle<\/p>\n

iio iia iie<\/p>\n

ieo iea iee<\/p>\n

ilo ila ile<\/p>\n

eio eia eie<\/p>\n

eeo eea eee<\/p>\n

elo ela ele<\/p>\n

jio jia jie<\/p>\n

jeo jea jee<\/p>\n

jlo jla jle<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Out of those permutations, the program will identify those words that exist in the dictionary. In this case, it has found the word “lie”. Then, if this is chosen as an interesting word, the calligraphy can be polished by hand in order to improve its reading on both directions. We conducted experiments with different languages; the list below is a sample of the English dictionary:<\/p>\n

ashes => || [original_y,lower] ->bomb<\/p>\n

bully => || [original_y,lower] -> vulva,<\/p>\n

bulge => || [original_y,lower] -> opera<\/p>\n

built => || [original_y,lower] -> teens<\/p>\n

bribe => || [original_y,lower] -> earns,gains,warns,<\/p>\n

booze => || [original_y,lower] ->weeds,<\/p>\n

blues => || [original_y,lower] -> bleed<\/p>\n

bitch => || [original_y,lower] -> muted, noted,<\/p>\n

bible => || [original_y,lower] -> liars<\/p>\n

below => || [original_y,lower] -> males,<\/p>\n

balls => || [original_y,lower] -> ,bless, bliss<\/p>\n

dogma => || [original_y,lower] -> sheep<\/p>\n

decay => || [original_y,lower] -> laugh<\/p>\n

evils => || [original_y,lower] -> alive<\/p>\n

ebony => || [original_y,lower] -> prose,<\/p>\n

euro => || [original_y,lower] -> dull<\/p>\n

eros => || [original_y,lower] -> zone, acne,<\/p>\n

epic => || [original_y,lower] -> oral,urge,<\/p>\n

envy => ||,[original_y,upper] -> NUMB,<\/p>\n

deco => || [original_y,lower] -> coup,<\/p>\n

butt => || [original_y,upper] -> TRUE,<\/p>\n

bras => || [original_y,lower] ->,boys,<\/p>\n

blow => || [original_y,lower] -> ,weed,<\/p>\n

atom => || [original_y,lower] -> nato,<\/p>\n

asia => || [original_y,lower] -> bias,<\/p>\n

amen => || [original_y,lower] -> numb,<\/p>\n

aids => || [original_y,lower] -> apes,<\/p>\n

adam => || [original_y,lower] ->,hobo,<\/p>\n

wow => || [original_y,lower] ->,man, ,men, mom, now<\/p>\n

wet => || [original_y,lower] ->,fun,<\/p>\n

raw => || [original_y,lower] -> man,<\/p>\n

ego => || [original_y,lower] -> ape<\/p>\n

whitening => || [original_y,lower] -> primetime,<\/p>\n

welcomed => || [original_y,lower] -> pendulum,<\/p>\n

uneasily => || [original_y,lower] -> pleasure,<\/p>\n

salesmen => || [original_y,lower]\u00a0 || [monalisa,<\/p>\n

restrict => || || [original_y,lower]\u00a0 [-> fountain,<\/p>\n

reloaded => || [original_y,lower] -> bloodily,<\/p>\n

populate =>\u00a0 || [original_y,lower] -> expended,expunged,<\/p>\n

predated => || [original_y,lower] -> outbound,<\/p>\n

plutonic => || || [original_y,lower]\u00a0 ornately,<\/p>\n

pitfalls => || [original_y,lower] -> allotted,<\/p>\n

martians => || [original_y,lower] -> ambition,<\/p>\n

humanism => || [original_y,lower]\u00a0 harrowed,narrowed,<\/p>\n

gorgeous =>] || [original_y,lower]\u00a0 -> audience,<\/p>\n

bohemian => || [original_y,lower] -> hormones,<\/p>\n

ballroom => || [original_y,lower] -> moonless,<\/p>\n

zombies => || [original_y,lower] -> blushes,<\/p>\n

warning => || [original_y,lower] -> premise,<\/p>\n

violate => || [original_y,lower] -> explain,<\/p>\n

visions => || [original_y,lower] -> audibly,<\/p>\n

utopian => || [original_y,lower] -> margate,<\/p>\n

uranium => || [original_y,lower] -> neurone,<\/p>\n

upwards => || [original_y,lower] -> abysmal,<\/p>\n

unitary => || [original_y,lower] -> rupture,<\/p>\n

trumpet => || [original_y,lower] -> figment,<\/p>\n

truancy => || [original_y,lower] -> pursuit,<\/p>\n

truisms => || [original_y,lower] -> ambient,<\/p>\n

trained => || [original_y,lower] -> bureaux,<\/p>\n

tooting => || [original_y,lower] -> prefect,<\/p>\n

silence => || [original_y,lower] -> gorilla,<\/p>\n

rolling => || [original_y,lower] -> enliven,<\/p>\n

regular => || [original_y,lower] -> naively,<\/p>\n

recycle => || [original_y,lower] -> geology,<\/p>\n

puzzled => || [original_y,lower] -> blessed,<\/p>\n

pushers => || [original_y,lower] -> anomaly,<\/p>\n

pencils => || [original_y,lower] -> allowed,allured,alluvia,beloved,<\/p>\n

overtax => || [original_y,lower] -> fatigue,<\/p>\n

painted => || [original_y,lower] -> pithead,<\/p>\n

nominal => || [original_y,lower] -> laminar,<\/p>\n

mutable => || [original_y,lower] -> elastin,<\/p>\n

marxism => || [original_y,lower] -> haitian,martian,<\/p>\n

glacial => || [original_y,lower] -> voluble,<\/p>\n

zipped => || [original_y,lower] -> beadle,beagle,blades,boggle,budgie,hedges,huddle,pedals,peddle,plague,plaque,puddle,<\/p>\n

zombie => || [original_y,lower] -> wishes,[original_y,upper] -> FIENDS,<\/p>\n

yippee => || [original_y,lower] -> leader,<\/p>\n

yuppie => || [original_y,lower] -> leader,<\/p>\n

yelped => || [original_y,lower] -> beaver,bugler,healer,player,<\/p>\n

wisdom => || [original_y,lower] -> napalm,<\/p>\n

weapon => || [original_y,lower] -> reason, voyage,<\/p>\n

wallow => || [original_y,lower] -> mallow,mellow,<\/p>\n

voyeur => || [original_y,lower] -> neural,neuron,<\/p>\n

unsold => || [original_y,lower] -> became,<\/p>\n

undone => || [original_y,lower] -> encore,groove,income,<\/p>\n

tropic => || [original_y,lower] -> urgent,<\/p>\n

swerve => || [original_y,lower] -> enigma,<\/p>\n

rectal => || [original_y,lower] -> uptown,<\/p>\n

random => || [original_y,lower] -> hooray,<\/p>\n

prague => || [original_y,lower] -> unpaid,<\/p>\n

people => || [original_y,lower] -> evaded,gladly,leaded,<\/p>\n

nazism => || [original_y,lower] -> warsaw,<\/p>\n

napalm => || [original_y,lower] -> wisdom,<\/p>\n

mexico => || [original_y,lower] -> curfew,<\/p>\n

medium => || [original_y,lower] -> heroin,<\/p>\n

jailed => || [original_y,lower] -> plural,<\/p>\n

israel => || [original_y,lower] -> visual,<\/p>\n

fondue => || [original_y,upper] -> BLONDE,<\/p>\n

faeces => || [original_y,lower] -> bluest,<\/p>\n

exiled => || [original_y,lower] -> belike,polite,<\/p>\n

doping => || [original_y,lower] -> preach<\/p>\n

cocoon => || [original_y,lower] -> rococo,<\/p>\n

bosnia => || [original_y,lower] -> armada<\/p>\n

blowup => || [original_y,lower] -> always, annoys,<\/p>\n

bamboo => || [original_y,lower] -> cosmos,<\/p>\n

apathy => || [original_y,upper] -> PAPAYA,<\/p>\n

amoeba => || [original_y,lower] -> asians,paeans,pagans,salons,<\/p>\n

amazon => || [original_y,lower] -> masons,mesons,<\/p>\n

abuses => || [original_y,lower] -> beards zebras,<\/p>\n

xenon => || [original_y,lower] -> vomit,<\/p>\n

whore => || [original_y,lower] -> inane,<\/p>\n

weird => || [original_y,lower] -> bulge,<\/p>\n

weeds => || [original_y,lower] -> abele,booze,bowie,<\/p>\n

water => || [original_y,lower] -> nixon,<\/p>\n

vulva => || [original_y,lower] -> alien<\/p>\n

verge => || [original_y,lower] -> lenin,<\/p>\n

value => || [original_y,lower] -> enjoy,<\/p>\n

turbo => || [original_y,lower] -> adult,<\/p>\n

tough => || [original_y,lower] -> decaf,<\/p>\n

total => || [original_y,lower] -> latex,<\/p>\n

swine => || [original_y,lower] -> enema,<\/p>\n

ruins => || original_y,upper] -> GUILT,<\/p>\n

pride => || [original_y,lower] -> wound,<\/p>\n

power => || [original_y,lower] -> needy,<\/p>\n

pills => || [original_y,lower] -> GUILT,<\/p>\n

phase => || [original_y,lower] -> ebony,<\/p>\n

penal => || [original_y,lower] -> loved<\/p>\n

pagan => || [original_y,lower] -> happy,<\/p>\n

owned => || [original_y,lower] ->,bored,<\/p>\n

outer => || [original_y,lower] -> noted,ultra,<\/p>\n

nixon => || [original_y,lower] -> hater, water<\/p>\n

moses => || [original_y,lower] -> beach,<\/p>\n

mercy => || [original_y,lower] -> rough,<\/p>\n

mania => || original_y,upper] -> HUMAN,<\/p>\n

lover => || [original_y,lower] -> novel,<\/p>\n

latex => || [original_y,lower] -> fetal,total,<\/p>\n

joint => || [original_y,lower] -> trial,<\/p>\n

islam => || [original_y,lower] -> maybe<\/p>\n

inane => || [original_y,lower] -> whore,<\/p>\n

human => || [original_y,lower] ->MANIA<\/p>\n

hopes => || [original_y,lower] -> aided,<\/p>\n

holes => || [original_y,lower] -> bleed,<\/p>\n

heels => || [original_y,lower] -> bleed<\/p>\n

hater => || [original_y,lower] -> Nixon<\/p>\n

guilt => || [original_y,lower] -> PILLS, RUINS,<\/p>\n

fetal => || [original_y,lower] -> latex,<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

  OuScuPo (Ouvroir de Sculpture Potentielle) is the title of a new series of sculptures to be exhibited at Mus\u00e9e d’Art contemporain du Val-de-Marne MAC\/VAL. This show is a new development in a series of works I started in 2007 called Ambigrams. The title of the show refers to OuLiPo\u00a0\u00a0(Ouvroir de Litt\u00e9rature Potentielle)\u00a0a movement\u00a0founded in […]<\/p>\n

<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[18],"tags":[24,59,19,22],"class_list":["post-67","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-ouscupo-ouvroir-de-sculpture-potentielle","tag-ambigrams","tag-ouscupo","tag-ouvroir-de-sculpture-potentielle","tag-paris"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.blog.pedroreyes.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/67","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.blog.pedroreyes.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.blog.pedroreyes.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.blog.pedroreyes.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.blog.pedroreyes.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=67"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"http:\/\/www.blog.pedroreyes.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/67\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.blog.pedroreyes.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=67"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.blog.pedroreyes.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=67"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.blog.pedroreyes.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=67"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}